Students’ residence halls have been studied repeatedly during the last decades from various perspectives (eg satisfaction). However, our knowledge is very limited in terms of students’ emotions towards various residence hall interior and exterior spaces. Besides, very little study exists on the impact of homelike furniture on students’ emotions. The question driving this research is whether the replacement of institutional furniture with home like furniture affects students’ emotional states towards their residence hall? The research follows a mixed, multi-staged methodology. Stage one used structured interviews of students about what might make a residence hall similar to home environments. This second stage evaluates students’ emotions toward their current residence halls (with institutional furniture) and modified images of the same place with homelike furniture. We used SAM to evaluate students’ emotional reactions in terms of valence, arousal, and dominance. The findings of the study suggests that home like residence halls significantly affect students’ positive emotions. The most positive emotions (valence, arousal, and dominance) were reported on kitchenette, corridor, and yard spaces and no significant differences were found on in-room dé cor.

Background and Aim: Presbycusis is a prevalent chronic condition in the elderly which may have potential adverse effects on social and emotional aspects of their life. There is no one to one relationship between audiogram and the perceived handicap in elderly. A good way to measure hearing handicap are self-assessment tools. This study was aimed to translate, adapt and establish face validity of Short form of Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE-S) and the correlation with pure-tone and speech audiometry results as well as score of the other self-assessmnet tool (Self-Assessment of Communication: SAC) in the Iranian elderly. Methods: HHIE-S was translated into Persian and face validity was established. It was administered in 80 elderly participants. Correlation of their scores with their pure tone averages of 3 and 4 frequencies (PTA0. 5-1-2 and PTA0. 5-1-2-4), word recognition score (WRS) in quiet, and SAC scores was determined. Results: The experts mean scores to PHHIE-S was 99. 63%. There were significant correlations between PHHIE-S with SAC (r = 0. 89; p < 0. 001), PTA0. 5-1-2 (r = 0. 4; p < 0. 001), PTA0. 5-1-2-4 (r = 0. 6; p <0. 001) and WRS (r =-0. 4; p < 0. 001). There was no significant gender effect on any of the measures (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: Simply evaluation of the hearing levels is not adequate in elderly. Self-assessment tools can shed light on the specific disability induced by hearing loss. PHHIE-S appears to be an easy and fast tool that may helpful to distinguish patients who might need rehabilitative services.

Introduction: The main objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of preceding pictorial stimulus on the emotional autonomic responses of the subsequent one.Methods: To this effect, physiological signals, including Electrocardiogram (ECG), Pulse Rate (PR), and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) were collected. As these signals have random and chaotic nature, nonlinear dynamics of these physiological signals were evaluated with the methods of nonlinear system theory. Considering the hypothesis that emotional responses are usually associated with previous experiences of a subject, the subjective ratings of 4 emotional states were also evaluated. Four nonlinear characteristics (including Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), based parameters, Lyapunov exponent, and approximate entropy) were implemented. Nine standard features (including mean, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, median, mode, the second, third, and fourth moment) were also extracted.Results: To evaluate the ability of features in discriminating different types of emotions, some classification approaches were appraised, of them, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) led to the best classification rate of 100%. The results show that considering the emotional sequences, GSR is the best candidate for the representation of the physiological changes.Discussion: Lower discrimination was attained when the sequence occurred in the diagonal line of valence-arousal coordinates (for instance, positive valence and positive arousal versus negative valence and negative arousal). By employing self-assessment ranks, no obvious improvement was achieved.

The purpose of this article is responding to the question of “How is the quality of teacher feedback, studentsʼ self-evaluation and peer evaluation? ” The research method is a combination of "documentary, descriptive and survey”. The sample was selected through a multi-stage stratified sampling, out of which 64 primary schools, located in 30 local educational districts in 3 provinces (East Azerbaijan, Fars and Bushehr) were selected. One checklist to analyze the portfolios and one interview form with acceptable reliability and validity were used. The findings show that teacher’ feedbacks are beyond the student’s performance, the content of the feedback is not related to the learning goals and objectives, and the descriptions are not appealing enough and do not fit the studentsʼ level of progress. Although the feedback did not contain anything with regard to providing a chance for the students to compersate for their weaknesses, they were polite to some extent. In self evaluation, students did not have the necessary skills. Weakness in four selfevaluation skills in the lower grades was more evident. Teachers use limited methods for peer-assessment and are less familiar with the concepts and methods of peer-asssessent.

Background and Objectives: Providing and making airway is the first known measure that comes to mind at an emergency situation.Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an alternative for airway management, which its insertion training in beginners and professionals is easier than endotracheal intubation. This study was conducted to compare the speed of insertion and success rate in using two LMA and ETT methods in nursing students.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 49 last year nursing students were selected by simple random sampling method. After airway management training course, the students were tested on endotracheal intubation and LMA insertion in a manikin. Data were analyzed using t-test at the p<0.05 significance level.Results: The time for endotracheal intubation was obtained 28.73 s and for LMA was 5.05 s. Also, gender of the students had no significant relationship with airway management (p=0.45). Ninety-eight percent of the student succeeded to insert LMA with no error, but this rate for ETT was just 28%.Conclusion: Given that shorter time, lower error, and ease of insertion of LMA in comparison with the ETT method, use of this method is recommended as an appropriate alternative for endotracheal intubation, especially in emergency situation.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, hospitals should assess their internal wards to improve health promotion services using self-assessment tools. To achieve this goal, standards of health promoting hospitals have been developed by the World Health Organization, and measurable elements and indicators have been defined to facilitate the practical application of these standards in planning, implementation, and evaluation of health promotion in hospitals. Moreover, a form has been developed for this self-assessment. Considering linguistic and cultural differences in various countries, standards must be written in equivalent texts and, then, their content and face validity should be examined. Performing this process in a systemic and scientific way can guarantee that the same tools have been used, and thus the results obtained from different hospitals are comparable. Methods: After the preparation phase (considering research aim, obtaining permission from the original designers, and determining the time), the following activities were done: translating the form from its original language to the target language, combining and compiling initial translations to a single translation, reversing the final version of the translation from the target language to the original language, obtaining cognitive information, revising and concluding, and determining the content and face validity of the translated form and final report. After filling in the form, face validity was calculated using impact score formula. Content validity was measured using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Results: After calculating the impact score, all 40 items showed a high impact score greater than 1. 5, representing the fact that all items are important. The minimum value of CVR for each of the 40 items was estimated to be 0. 64; CVI of all items was greater than 0. 79. Conclusion: Given the input of the standards of health promoting hospitals affiliated to the World Health Organization in National Accreditation of Iranian hospitals, the form was translated and found to be valid according to content and face validity and is available in Persian to be used in Iranian hospitals (Appendix 1).

Introduction: In addition to the mother's health, midwifery students should also consider the health of the fetus. In this line, learning skills such as; evaluation of the heart and lung systems as part of the medical team is of great importance. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of heart and lung examination using a simulation mannequin with lectures on midwifery students' knowledge and confidence.Method: This is a quasi-experimental study in which they participated 28 midwifery students assigned randomly in two groups of mannequin-based simulation and lecture group. The data collection tool was knowledge and confidence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using central and distribution parameters as well as T-test.Result: The mean±SD score of knowledge at stimulation with mannequin group and lecture after intervention was 9.21±0.8 and 5.5±1.95, respectively. Significant differences were observed between the two groups (P<0.0001). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean±SD score of confidence after the intervention by simulation with mannequin 25.35±3.65 and lecture 15±3.61 group (P>0.0001).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, using the mannequin is an effective way in increasing the knowledge and confidence heart and lungs assessment. Therefore, training centers can be used for these methods, so that the learners spend less time in learning these life-saving techniques.

Background: Supraglottic airway management tools such as the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) have recently emerged as the first choice in pre-hospital and hospital airway management guidelines as well as an alternative strategy after endotracheal tube (ETT) placement failure. However, the pros and cons of the LMA compared to endotracheal intubation are still debated. Given that no study has been conducted to date on the skills of emergency medical technician (EMT) in airway management using LMA compared to endotracheal intubation, we decided to do a study in this regard. Methods: In this objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), EMTs who had a degree of associate or bachelor were participated. The examiner asked the examinees the required information and entered it in the pre-prepared checklists. The participants took part in a two-stage exam. In the first stage, the airway management of the simulated trauma patient was performed by endotracheal intubation, and in the second stage, the same scenario was performed with LMA. At each stage, the examiner evaluated the examinee's performance in 4 fields of Preparation, Preoxygenation, Position and Placement, and Post-intubation management using a standard checklist. In addition, the duration of the procedure from the beginning to the time of fixing the ETT or LMA was recorded and compared. Results: Totally, 105 EMTs participated in this study, of whom, 102 were male (97. 1%). The mean age of the subjects was 36. 4± 7. 3 years old. Of the total participants, 72 passed both practical exams successfully, and they generally insert the LMA faster; so that the duration of intubation and LMA insertion in 1. 4% and 30. 6% were <1 min, respectively (p< 0. 001). However, no significant difference was observed in terms of the mean time (p= 0. 427). Conclusion: In the present study, the skills of the technicians participating in the study in performing advanced airway procedures were moderate, and also, it was found that their skills in LMA insertion were less than endotracheal tube insertion.